The law, originally set to go into effect on March 5, had been on hold while it’s being challenged by the Justice Department.
The hold was lifted over the objections of the court's three liberal justices.
"Today, the Court invites further chaos and crisis in immigration enforcement," Justice Sonia Sotomayor wrote in a dissent joined by Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson. “Texas can now immediately enforce its own law imposing criminal liability on thousands of noncitizens and requiring their removal to Mexico.”