Scientists say no corner of the globe's oceans will remain untouched by climate change by the end of the century.
"When you look at the world oceans, there are few places that will be free of changes; most will suffer the simultaneous effects of warming, acidification, and reductions in oxygen and productivity," University of Hawaii geography Professor Camilo Mora, lead author of the study, said.
"The consequences of these co-occurring changes are massive -- everything from species survival, to abundance, to range size, to body size, to species richness, to ecosystem functioning are affected by changes in ocean biogeochemistry."